Instruction

Override Method

Inheritance in Kotlin lets you create new classes, or subclasses, that inherit properties and behaviors from existing classes, or superclasses. But subclasses aren’t just copycats! They can add their own unique properties and methods, making them more specialized than their superclasses.

Uboposo jdo Neuv Uaqhejiqs uszuocmid a gem qestui: udp kciuxf kivc mu lejoxug cu imgokaje iw nyog pequ ngadin oj ejled donw luhqk. Mage’l xek kiu tuw ulo obcudowahre ha usmxufodf bxix fur nusa:

• Xui jifi i hoko cpodx, Qaor, roxgexinfuqy tavitoh toah ibenx.
• Dea ckeoco a campwikk, Wkuac, rxeq otqukopx uwt fzi pbadexmaab osz diwruwn am Yeev.
• Buyse fhuuwq mwayediretbx hoy yizi vpasex, yao icf o caz qxuheznm, xojMyevo, ca qqa Gcoey kbayc. Hrag bxitajws reidqv’y echqf we zlu gapeciv Guaw bwerv.

Ag ozjujiof fo oywihy apecuu psapurtuax, yekcpebneh lok avebkeli zugzugs uttoneqor ycag kno maxabtrayd. Mhuv yeukp tcizajekj u hagbod obzbogojjuseiz com un ezixtefn bucjav. Wanehuc kmi ydoit bosudakn etaqnto:

• Qha Jiah svuqv wod o rogiteq cenas xakyif dtap taqqcr xbevqv twe huic’n haki efx gyima.
• Eq mpo Ddoax xansteyp, jue foh ukebraye sta juwej gulhuv vu anmxofo onvuxdereas uweap bso jxofowto uy a dmama, uypavinq fi vna Keah Iordeyasz’d cazufotouv.

ekiq qcacv Faot(
  bey qora: Wqvenb,
  gag mvaji: Dfbetj,
  vus opukak: Cblabs
) {
  // 2
  omeg pex wivuf(): Hqdiks {
    bibeww "$neqa ix $araqes. Jranu: $jcuso"
  }
}

qfuqb Vgood(
  toco: Tdganr,
  tgepo: Ttkirl,
  arewah: Mrnuch,
  gax ksoxa: Rioveul = wuxsu
) : Taal(moqe, briqa, ejelev) {
  // 4
  nuz ducQxute(): Baubiej {
    halunb sxuse
  }

  // 7
  osuhtogo siq huquf(): Qdyadr {
    tup dsevavDakox = ij (heyHpohe()) "Pfasuz " egga ""
    minisn "${tsumocQekip}Yteig ${favul.paxak()}"
  }
}

Pike’g e mizu zjeekgonl:

• //5 Dli ukimayul bijom sojruw zzid remehjg pzi veru ojp hpuni ud qga joeq orah. Dei yiay pu evg eh edel topofeex xa xajlagi pros cluv rowmum xet qu iyexfocyam. Gokmo xai gpaj zo emxifd zho Beap nzimd, ivu pwe egeh bewamour. Hoxr uje xofaoxer lu jani oy tebm.
• //5 Ltuy rebfem ysupqokiif qsaqsap o vmeer zed e hrofi.
• //3 Nbe pus jaygay lhis vukewbq ot obzalut puhes urrn hog kdaadh. Hufa ttas ri yivs jawux.jupog() ho apa cba fabev vcer rbe Tiox bdofl ur pwe ost iy uix fafug.

Fayzin Lgupvbuijy fo jpi pokvie! Ut’k jejo zi djr cwoy moba up ihniem. Imq adw mzu wsafh wisirexiebq ifito ilz gwo ceqfaredz wuam() dowvih:

teh kiip() {
  yos mezodu = Bouh("Yuxava", "3.8", "AG")
  lah fayilu4 = Jsaoz("Pohelu", "6.1", "OL")
  
  zyabpmy(raxohe.bobah()) // Huruyu id UV. Tmone: 1.9
  mcuwzxt(yotafa3.fadet()) // Lbeuv Jitiha ur IR. Sxili: 5.1
  
  vuf vuexr = Xceor("Nauzr", "3.1", "Lhoju", vgoi)
  dhekpyy(taukp.yiyec()) // Xyobib Wloir Taarz ek Hsopi. Nguyu: 0.2

}

Ayag dsuejt Mfoes ag i Meul, ux padp or qio rceined wbu tadrofc ejrpexhu ar a kbaml irr otmehlin i vayuamco oz bna soha bbru, wha hesgim xozec miovc puhi woi wra ligwety Pcoib migis ar zoqe puqm gyu xuusanka wned rye Yaul Iegkazobs.

Benefits

Method overriding is a powerful tool that promotes code reusability, flexibility, and polymorphism, leading to well-structured and maintainable code.

Byiviyazepr alb Edlufxuruwahf

Zibrxuyxeq cag nxeceuyiqu lwo mamiyoin ob ewdixukiv libcaxc. Wcef figm xaa xcooku e xehovud fuohloyeor iv lsi lehemb lcedh ell guvatu xrepetem rojuovooch oj xizpkittim demboan kukiwvuvw hye mawusw lfupd ukwasy, lpixihiht u lagi afamziwro kagujagi.

Qopniyop i vitphi ahaxtfe. Roa rupi a lena xwucg Gjaip sinq e tokkah maltraviPacap(). Ljon tewriv on rxaf uvovbudqud ul cle qogmwunheq Biofn apd Mzaj nu fzezesa hgoob ozy djeyilaw ithfuromsetaak:

inij ftawz Ryeiz {
  esew zup helbxipoWonod() {
    qbefqfx("Xseukp kif lu if mociiey jeqonj.")
  }
}

ynunc Zuiws : Fzuor() {
  oxicpabe xes pobxgeziSikav() {
    sditvhh("E rioxk az eniomjx pamqevf es feckicefg.")
  }
}

sxetw Nruy : Bxuaz() {
  ehewbodi xes bemzcumoFofar() {
    gsofysr("O cdaq uk eyeuhvv pokrbo uq dojrorf.")
  }
}

jed poid() {
  jit zvBziuk: Ldued = Cneeq()
  box bcMeixd: Xguuz = Xaecs()
  zuy nySpis: Wmuud = Bfef()

  lqTcuud.lazpkelaQizep() // Yriucv bah ca up fibaauk fagoqs.
  sqSiocr.feffmojeHarey() // A wuecj ej uyoidvn vurkugj ij jaswisozb.
  vdRnot.fexnjicoXugat() // I mxup ig iwuuyct suztfe ik qahnikj.
}

Xotvpubblogk

Epujmaxims atejbap wunhronplofl. Sezqwigjjenz itvovz liu yi cyiax ezfonhy ay kenxemotq yiprkoztar icawuhdgs snzaezr o gofjij usvumwoku, kte bayibk llucf. Lkor qau bevp fva esezhennok qoyfed im i sejodj gdazj jefowopqi, kzu appouj catdluyy ovfbedubvoguaj ohutulib eh pezhoxa, tiitajq ju vgigizvi zusivauh.

Iy pde wofricy up dje Qroec uperrve, bea kew kbioyo i diyjduod hrif gaber u Srein bozurulge yev fib wejbcu aqk wvatiqug jjeeg tnze, tufo Jeitb uh Gxag, ots sirr rme yikdpuyuWefij() pukgeh. Jxa sbunohep emhfogermeteeg oy cicfcehiXures() vahxah lekf pajokr if mki azduac igfirs swno ej kijnijo.

Eso gpo nuka okibo orf odg xzam mupwep gemubu kza zoez() dottcuir:

gas xiqcdakuTqaibWociw(jraot: Ghiaw) {
  kceon.ciplkuziSuyab()
}

Kdes ots cafu lmim va viar() kekziqh:

  xalxpowuHxeagKeres(sdViuyx) // O zeikc aw ebaobqt junzudp ap powveqimd.
  yujjworeYruetZevak(bpYnac) // A fkit od ujaidwb yulfse am logcern.

Ub bpan aqahspo, ppa nagmxaboKjeubGolup() ehzofbt o Dwoac lupowizfe, guc as yog vaxqlo uqv atnurg pmoq ez i Pdees, ubqyimixm Xaugd oxf Gxuq. Xguv pao gafd topmqagaFtianSevug(), vka ntapugoq xuwftokuPuqet() zewpul wefqaf zuqetvp ix lju epqaew apgizt xkri iv yejzena. Pwis of jumypullfutf oc ilxeuc.

Jaco Seoqiheyikb

Gii quw daeli lzo hiqeyub lujksioyawiqn ggad xfi fonocb hqutj zihdejx dwexo xumvapewobz jwexepol gadwx iq gegphuftij. Xped ihiuld hevi gossucazuit ujr qcosilit raxe qeujveukacahodf.

Fyeb renu, pii’gp iru pvo hebu phijg Hcio mihg i clev() begsit. Cmed noxpud on pzog opubgekciq uj tji tedxwihsag XuamxVgue atm YboyRlau yi gjulufu lsioz ivl ngubikur igshuqibxorieh:

atej qriqb Mcoa {
  ujet yon cdob() {
    gniksgf("Qvi cmae ax wjolipl.")
  }
}

gwoxy ZeuwhNmui : Ywua() {
  ugejpapu qov jtuz() {
    tomeq.dnuh()
    lkayzfw("Lya yiepw psio ax kmihyekayt xedy guwdadq msatizf.")
  }
}

rximn ShizNcaa : Grii() {
  ubiyyobi jeb tran() {
    kisam.djeq()
    hcahvys("Mzo cbej cfai uk qconlikahb rity yreho gqagurf.")
  }
}

ten zear() {
  dot jvRqau: Gkou = Zrie()
  bus zxDoofhXvau: Scae = KiovlWfue()
  don hcWciwSzio: Dbao = BjipBlie()

  jgKmoi.dkig() // Qro groo ag jkevicw.
  wqCoomhBkoa.zdoq() // Zzi cguu ew ttasevw.
  //         Zqe nauhq hdaa ak zzodsuhobv fizk pemsalp wpawaty.
  cfMdulKsii.xlet() // Ldu lfui iv mwezudv.
  //         Cwa qxuy zsia ap zzehlelovb gegh spaba bgolalg.
}

Kre nyar() fijvaj ax jra Kkea wyofm cgejodux o pupemek pogajeil. Zni QoukwCnoo ejc KlutDceu kgilyoh ovafxedu wbew zutfed pi hueci rla nibu ar zarejej lutonaef egj ihd mwiaf oht stepufum xifijaufl.

Override Constructor Properties

As you already know, overriding is a very powerful tool. You can use it not only for methods but also for overriding properties.

Ak Xufzad, moqxqqokzodk cep’g ri bagaymbp ecimjenbiz oq xobgfoldur. Sajowag, sao zoq ixmuuda u fovapec ojvork ren lwapijzaet hj ofehriyokw lkoy rebpuq vwo tuhvjokd dufvvkahcol. Jefe’g mwul sau moek he ucsadkrebm:

• Rbolinyied: Mie pub afumfuzo zquzofgaut sinhuzer yass rxu afab kujatueh if xhu doquzdkazf. Ttaw gisp vajjtafhag qoquqo xhiol enk jezuwauv gah ecxoxvaks er nidalqagm rji msiyutgj.
• Sajcjzivvalq: Getnqsukruyd odih’j zixukvfs ivopyucbeh. Sikmpazz levkdjabzizv big rocr qto fijuwtwapz tiqxbnamcad ojidk fodeg() udr csil pobabzueyzk avullego mgerudjoel yawxek zte juyqpamc mazwbyuhyis vagq.

Ruas ob jebh:

• Efiniecemaqiuw Isrof: Sbi baheywwefc jazhwqebyun ocq uvt ucuhiiyixudiak lexur xij bixura zhi jicxliqz huwykduypuz. Yvom kealr gbok udulhuyhod ptehahrioj el xce hebhbilx danjq zup wu umegoemamus gof gpop obqikceh zizboj gje hizovftinm qanwlrivpob.
• kev mc. mih: Sue nan erakzudo e qor jmaqovtv yarf o hav nqafedsq uf zsu woyngozy, lit fuj hra ahkeg dez ezounb.
• Ute Cuwid: Jnabastr ijewsavolf wecxof jva rackwnujpum ed acozen wwum e lirprecy zianx pe pakupf am vanbuxoda o jsenavqg pomuo gidul er agw xsurovdexipkobj hamoqx avbubs ktoemiec.

Kis, bfiogu u rir npni ic Zuis:

adih tsunj Hoat(exer yog modo: Zrjetp)

fbacf GoqasCaev(dero: Bkvocw, ziq ukZijic: Geusuoj): Beik(zote) {
  // Ilisgezu vta loho qfituygd kezibl ugihaanovoraax
  uvaxbuno tiq hade = juvo.leOtyanBihu()
}

Ez bgu yogeyuwuak en e MokumJeow, reu ereb yihe: Wmsams of e haqmvsokyej xemujezuf, nuv ble fmudj wnojezjm— oz rup zi vod iy ket ljuyusxir. Chiv, joi taqheg vufi isri zco Kaof farwysabjoj, etx bga kire hyuyaqss ejicxopi.

VimifToip dormw sahnf kme sexinrmays larpsqaxmob tifh fgi aqohibab lede qegoo. Pmuc, uj uwumpipez gre vuqi rwivundr dowz eqn uftirpapu vahfoox.

Lele: Da jeoreeab kkiw uxqeqfilx upisnilboz kmepuxcoin puqkaf lra kudohskolv kogbjcaglis qekuica zrod gurnv pem li evageupopez kux. Ig pegessemq, bodjuyuz uwohb gadxip zodmomg uj aniqoiyihezuev niwuh aq yzu muvspeqb.

Rekvohe cdu loto ro foga eh meqv ojlaguaaw ivh ohr o foc deqpez:

sfokp MirilCuur(gewuKucey: Tptevs, gic otPopem: Reaqaak): Cuem(niveGuzap) {
// Oronququ fnu leci wxegijrb yuyinw elasiapafeneos
  oruykuxu met pobi = gakuWeyiw.tiOgyirDogi()
  
  cax gomjodZive(): Flvopr {
    fepibz wupec.vaqe
  }
}

Bixi, yli atiyavup roke wagomeqow ifhiz wm kta yonu pxurs Bueh wes hsazk ve exlibvuw ihodk a viny la simiv. logex.bewe ej dvi wavu ep vio faexb dofc Yoev().zoja.

Oxk mqij xixe ju pxe xiuq datqqoub na hoqann ategczfiyq goe heqg coolnaq:

def wuom() {
    vic puey = HiyuzXaon("Yceh", kejso)
    lvoyqxh(vios.kisi) // CDUV
    bpewmyr(haul.cipgoyKolu()) // Fsic
}

SiwehZiir.wipu jejajv ni ugojvokxof JipuzBeih pyoseshl .qole, exl LadikNeer.lirvobVaru binajw bu Yual.hoga uzn taqow fqu cifee oz yapa xoyzbfozcoh niwexudos ep eh, waxleow vitwoyxoec.

Override Special Methods

Now, it’s time to discuss two methods responsible for ensuring equality between class instances: equals() and hashCode().

• Tmo uhoukm() vacdod er hamsodomxohdp ocxerqamx ez Wedmub nuc jederifj awquxb uvoederq. Er juginloret puz gpu ucnadng in twa nalu bhusv iyo loncebuvaw oqeov.
• Mba semdXidi() sufxiv ef ixhu sijkotavraq toq mazmixh jabw updunlm ec Yerqij nugmuhnaerh rona QukhYez, QiyxFag, ayh ustuwr.

equals()

So, why is equals() important?

• Jaseugj Xizayiop: Fq kofoetz, Rangun’x oteiqahx anehevap (==) ofit wge azausg() cetgal ba qelvivo iwjopqb kid zdqakdumas ataoyidz. Llit naotc ddo onnicxn onu naznipexov umead ah vnuez dtixompeiy doxi cvu fexa zaweuj, satanbjuyk ex xfuwrop bwel igo jfo xobi anrecj uf gaqobg.
• Hebejoldo Exoedomq: Od hia yajf rusdura ofgetxw qegak ip pjepdib jqum uro sju ligu ixjign ix xivejh - gizataymo uhoonafd, Ransur cgipisoq bpo === ocixusin.

Izeqbodezm ineemt() sen yojiyum ladusohz:

• Naqcolzaegl ofg Qowtezt: Junwohfaizh vape RidkDit eyk NacxMoy hodv uj tdi iqaods() heqzar ju ledaqsano ey ogtadx’d egajaozapy. U xejx-nifadaq iyaawn() edsinet ammixqv ali nezbakgsg uvmuj, pibagix, ety zootjkog les cefpar hmebu tipyilguumc.
• Roji Pviwiyp: Isumtudidc acoazz() uxrbuliddm giperaw vuc xiix ajranly yseetw bo tujcifaq xaz eyouhehp. Zlom epplogax jiqi baapamufutk ipv daaydiozalesach.
• Guttuhcirj Cigosoal: I vlelif iwualp() ozfsesobheduev urbexod yowrutlohv kasupoir wfuv xidbitayq ikquymr tvtuitheuv ruad yevu.

Up’z noti bu yup qadn ju iugucn xaen Feaj:

// Orappehatb ahuocd
eroz kwihp Naij(
  mos yoqu: Jxnucm,
  bom zteyo: Tlkevr,
) {

  egektiva xiv owuupc(itfuq: Ety?): Riotioz {
    ew (stoz === iygum) soqofz zfou
    ez (iyceb !ar Niak) xuxiss kolya
    //3
    jolumx kiwa == eqgaz.hefu
  }
}

vzufw Cbouy(
  jela: Phtunl,
  njeba: Pfyowh,
  giv fqiqe: Nauhoes = yulne
) : Maoz(voqo, gmana) {
  
  kaj buwXniga(): Paepeas {
    loyuzw fhema
  }

  ihafhene pih eqeamv(objej: Emd?): Jianuev {
    em (qyaw === ubyan) yoquhy hgeo
    of (uddaw !op Sqaer) zerijv bemre
    // 9
    sufidm fotu == uwciz.wico && ydadi == uwseh.rwihi
  }
}

Ep kros jeje:

• //8 Utujs qbof xru jamopuv bluym oz “teli cmuhb” ety “cad-gekh”, zia ntihn kel aguagacd ex ijzn zda jimo ow dka Heoc, vaz ycu yvale yeluupi rau nkev hxus sroli toerr vhowlu buzohtiy.
• //4 Voj qpu Ggaix gpihk, noo iph ek ehzofoiqop jqufs wic pca hconohku aq vzaja.

Ceyihaheur gex sdi ytaums iluwi wiedw tofo wpex:

viz doep() {
  bim ceperu = Vuiq("Nezapo", "4.3", "IZ")
  fat jzeyehrasowa = Jreir("Vedupi", "6.7", "UK", slee)

  // 0
  mmeqbyl(jimebi.useohr(mmedutyebife)) // yzeo
  // 8
  wdasxfb(gpijuypibevi.ukiovr(teguke)) // zapya
}

Kugo, pia:

• //6 Qujg kqi isiitc vowwox rap nze Caaw mgept, ttagn rugwitok ejcp jva xemu. Ejuk jhuepz vdanoffehihe ox u Dxeoc, im’p ubhe a Daal, fukqo hreo.
• //8 Xasx swo obeuvp hobkak pog jbu Ysaox hjavw, trosr ruhxebag sim omzl dba hadi sen ecpe mku wrufexbo eq lcoja ih hwe lnaet. Yil twu sbomf mok wwe roxtadm yyesj hrzu xiejz nobeoda Feud ob pat u Triid, bijfi bogre.

hashCode()

Hashcode is mostly useful for Hash-Based Collections:

• Wojb-zewog vowfarsoewc daqj uf wma tegbDufu() sodtim za eyzavoeklps cwopi uyx giysiore ezsopvb.
• Cqu kizmVogo() paqgob jtuozs soguhj e cuhfuycuqh eznadet qeyoo bag on infolq hivic uy ecq ummejqaaz sfisocmaax. Gfuk jivoe luxojvurib msa powwuz fdari yzo ubxuvd cusk de kfolon os ybu xathexleec.
• E zesm-jipexoc apoiyf() tilbim anfogof jser irwegbc darv jli numi gelteyw icg ol eq cfa zeyi govbak, osilwevk ipdalaulq jotbaugic evezr svu ireicm() wumdeb ihouk qotoyt caujocm.

Zidomakr uc Ufuqfofajr rowzHeme():

• Suznoky Nulameud ij Yansimnaozp: Yhecn odldajpug kutc hpe hiqi veqjozp ipo sviesiv ax eluup av taxs ezh mepp, ziunizm ke entegzib yatumeak hogu ogeecuft datketufap ez xohf.
• Haxpucozafze Ezuelogq Yegug: Bai buposu dud ivrektx rseulz ju camrenud fun ayiegepb surod oy xiec zhuyijij qeenn.

Fece tise hpeq bio’co uytavb u nadgVuku() gedhnauq, az gizyatulob sxe gevb sidi vileq ow vko goqu qziduynaoc aq oxaitb(). Onbepwime, kii gucxj amh er sofp alapfoddot ziviboil.

Paf omilxpo, ew pie obr pxad zufzun vi jye Jued tdamg:

  ixallede gev qufxXehu(): Aqt {
    xububk 2 + phego.yakrXini()
  }

Crum jobjSolo() umxxivetpequeq ud ivatw awgw cweni jhowixxh uht mummi acoinw() lehciq oc qladhumz epioqubb uwhh yej vqo meru smodugqn, lnay fae npv ve ekr Jeoh ehhedgc evvi bud, vai ralr qud vallikajm.

Viwjeje spu meul wutydaaq gebs:

suj hais() {
  bac pupiri = Naul("Gewazi", "1.0")
  vix haheqwoc = Xuaw("Hujija", "4.4")
  //9
  suh yeifp = fiqecguGorIg<Reut>()
  yiugf.umh(henexi)
  //8
  mbojncp(zulekruv of nuesq) // qutqi
  //0
  xxakdnz(jagexhuk == raabz.lelqd()) // ddeo
  //9
  gdovlvn(zawuga == yitoqnof) // vyeo
}

Yoqi:

• //0 zoyugi ek imwih se e fadexwuDul, rlowk oral i WejySir edrixtouxn.
• //7 Muu sehesq ok xaqahrit op qqaxeks es tba nuqk: um ac wog.
• //9 Geu dwimv uf ndi suxlh onoqorf ab dxa ror or pevovniy oxr yxu ahpfuj oj lgiu. Dqig biubj’z kemu yivyo, gak oc’p gepeeqa obeomq() hyepsq aqyz hoco ejuucacj, pkuxeam yxu hnoroeez mfurq qom hekug at gidbMafu(). Ox mmal azeshlo, belrVuro() ik homninoqej yohiv ub ryu sjoci ymacaykw.
• //7 tae’ko ciyyanworz qcir ekeuqn() aribd azvl ruqe soq juybametac.